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Showing posts with label vaccine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label vaccine. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 24, 2026

RFK: Still Antivax

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

Washington Post editorial:
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and his allies at the Department of Health and Human Services have quieted their efforts to restrict access to immunizations after realizing they were politically disastrous. But that doesn’t mean they stopped trying to undermine these lifesaving tools.

 In April, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention halted the publication of a study showing that last year’s covid-19 shot cut the risk of emergency department visits and hospitalizations in half among healthy adults, even though the findings cleared the agency’s scientific review process. That’s because Jay Bhattacharya, the agency’s interim director, objected to the study’s methodology, which he called “crap” and “logistically ridiculous.”

One of the nation’s top medical journals disagrees with his assessment. This week, JAMA Network Open published the rejected study, which was peer-reviewed. The journal also published commentary by Natalie Dean, a public health professor at Emory University, who explained that the study’s design, which involved comparing the test results of vaccinated and unvaccinated people who seek medical care at hospitals, had been used for decades to measure the effectiveness of shots.

The point here is not that the methodology is flawless; Dean and other vaccine researchers readily admit that it’s imperfect. The problem is that the administration tried to bury scientific evidence that contradicted Kennedy’s criticisms of covid vaccines.

The drama is playing out just as Kennedy is actively defending anti-vaccine research that was retracted in April over concerns of “serious methodological flaws.” The paper, published in Toxicology Reports, purported to find that 75 percent of sudden infant death syndrome cases occurred within seven days of vaccination, but critics found potential research errors and argued that its author misused data to suggest causality, leading its publisher to take it down.
Last week, Kennedy sent a letter to the journal’s editor in chief, demanding a “full explanation” for that retraction. This, Kennedy claimed in a social media post, would help “restore trust in public health by insisting on transparency, accountability, and open scientific inquiry — not by asking the public to accept decisions behind closed doors.”

That’s ironic, given that Kennedy and his underlings are attempting to reshape federal vaccine guidelines behind the scenes. The Post’s Rachel Roubein and Lena H. Sun report that researchers at the National Institutes of Health are being pushed to conduct research on vaccine injuries and alternative vaccine schedules, as well as toying with a plan to create a new science office at the CDC that would report to political staff.

Despite these efforts, most Americans remain solidly in favor of vaccines. But the growing case numbers of vaccine-preventable diseases show it doesn’t take many skeptics to weaken their effectiveness

Friday, June 19, 2026

The Antivaxxers Leave Their Mark

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

As of June 18, 2026, 2,104 confirmed* measles cases were reported in the United States in 2026. Among these, 2,093 measles cases were reported by 41 jurisdictions: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. A total of 11 measles cases were reported among international visitors to the United States.
But outside the public eye, a small circle of Kennedy’s allies has kept working to reshape the federal apparatus that guides vaccines. This account of the behind-the-scenes effort is based on interviews with more than 15 people familiar with the matter, in addition to medical experts and Kennedy allies, many of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity to detail private conversations or internal deliberations, or out of fear of retaliation.

Federal health officials are exploring re-creating an influential vaccine advisory panel that was blocked by a federal judge, including discussions around adding new members, according to two people familiar with the matter who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

There is also an effort to create a new Office of Science at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that reports to the office of CDC’s chief of staff, even though the agency already has a science office.

Earlier this month, the National Institutes of Health urged scientists to take part in vaccine injury research and encouraged new research into vaccine schedules, vaccines’ long-term health effects and other issues that Kennedy has long wanted reexamined.

These moves, the extent of which have not been previously reported, suggest that political warnings and legal challenges from medical groups have not fully stopped Kennedy’s vaccine agenda, but shifted it largely out of public view. Kennedy’s allies are embedding his agenda in institutions that decide what gets studied, who does vaccine research and how these findings are translated into policy. This could keep the Trump administration’s questioning of vaccines’ safety alive for years to come.
Greg Jaffe and Maggie Haberman at NYT:
A major flu outbreak has sickened nearly 160 troops at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas less than two months after Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced that U.S. troops would no longer be required to be vaccinated for the flu, defense officials said.

The outbreak at the base in San Antonio raced through an Air Force Basic Military Training wing, where new recruits sleep on bunk beds in open bays and share meals at large communal tables.

A trainee in his sixth week of basic training died after falling ill on Friday and being taken to Brooke Army Medical Center, the Air Force said in a news release. It was not immediately clear whether the death of the trainee, Keon McDaniel, was related to the flu outbreak.

A comprehensive medical review into his death is underway to determine the cause, according to the Air Force.
In the weeks since Mr. Hegseth’s vaccine policy took effect on April 21, only about 40 percent of Air Force trainees have opted to take the vaccine, which had long been mandatory, an Air Force official said.

In the aftermath of the outbreak, the Air Force issued an exception to the voluntary vaccine policy, requiring that all recruits at Lackland get flu shots — part of a broader effort to stem the virus’s spread.

 

Sunday, June 14, 2026

Retraction Update

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

 Judy George at MedPage Today:

A 2010 paper that linked hepatitis B vaccines in infant boys to an increased risk of autism diagnosis was retracted and another study by the same authors is under investigation.

The study, published in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, claimed that boys vaccinated as neonates had a three times higher odds of an autism diagnosis compared with boys vaccinated after their first month of life or not at all.

The paper was included in a safety review of hepatitis B birth vaccination alongside work from David Geier and presented to the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices at their meeting on December 4, the day before the committee voted to drop the agency's long-standing recommendation that every newborn receive a hepatitis B vaccine at birth.
...
The neonate paper was retracted because "concerns were raised regarding the methodology of the study and the reported conclusions," according to a notice from the journal's editor and publisher.

The journal contacted Gallagher and Goodman for an explanation and engaged an independent reviewer for a post-publication statistical review. The reviewer concluded that the study's conclusions were unsound "due to fundamental methodological flaws," leading the journal to retract the article. Gallagher and Goodman did not agree with the retraction.

The study had multiple flaws, noted David Mandell, ScD, of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia, who was not involved in either the research or the journal's retraction decision.

These shortcomings led to "spurious findings based on a tiny group of children," said Mandell, a member of the Coalition of Autism Scientists, a group of autism researchers. "They speak to the need to radically reform the peer review process so that all science is reviewed with a keener eye."

Friday, June 12, 2026

Measles and the World Cup

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

From CDC:
As of June 11, 2026, 2,073 confirmed* measles cases were reported in the United States in 2026. Among these, 2,063 measles cases were reported by 40 jurisdictions: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. A total of 10 measles cases were reported among international visitors to the United States.

There have been 30 new outbreaks** reported in 2026, and 93% of confirmed cases (1,929 of 2,073) are outbreak-associated (593 from outbreaks starting in 2026 and 1,336 from outbreaks that started in 2025
Meghan Holohan at CIDRAP:
“Disease surveillance is disease surveillance every day of the week,” Garrow, Philadelphia deputy health commissioner, told CIDRAP News. “What is changing in terms of the World Cup is how intense that disease surveillance is going to look.”

While Garrow worries about heat-related illnesses and air quality, there’s one infectious disease he’s most concerned about. “Measles is probably our top worry,” he said. “We’ve already put out communications to our regional healthcare providers about what to look for.”

With recent outbreaks in the United States, lower vaccination rates, and people traveling, it seems more likely than ever that a fan with measles could be in the stands at the World Cup. This year, stadiums and Fan Festivals packed with cheering people could make it easy for measles to thrive.

“Measles tends to hang around in the air. It’s very small particles and it just floats there for up to two hours after someone with measles has been in the space,” Garrow said. “How many people could potentially have gone through that particular site in two hours after the person left?”

Thursday, June 11, 2026

AMA v. RFK

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

 Simon J. Levien at POLITICO:

American doctors want their leading lobby to drop its nice guy routine with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

At the American Medical Association’s annual meeting this week, members of the group’s House of Delegates are sending a clear message to their leaders: Call out Kennedy, even if it costs us in the pocketbook.

That message was stated most clearly in the election of Sandra Fryhofer, an internist from Atlanta and uncompromising Kennedy critic, as AMA president-elect. She beat Michael Suk, who as AMA board chair in 2024 and 2025 prioritized doctors’ Medicare fees and promised continued pragmatism in dealing with Kennedy.


Fryhofer, who advised the vaccine committee whose members Kennedy fired last year, suggested that would be an abdication of doctors’ moral duty.

“Measles running rampant, public health destroyed, a trillion dollars ripped from Medicaid, inadequate physician payment, stupid immigration rules,” Fryhofer told AMA members in promising to call out Kennedy and the Trump administration on all of it.

In two dozen interviews this week, AMA doctors described an advocacy organization at its wit’s end with Kennedy. POLITICO granted them anonymity to describe internal dynamics. Long a Republican-leaning constituency, doctors began shifting left during the battles over managed care three decades ago. President Donald Trump’s alliance with Kennedy, a longtime skeptic of vaccine safety and critic of the medical establishment, was the last straw for many.

Wednesday, June 10, 2026

RFK Jr. is Checked Out

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa

Sheryl Gay Stolberg at NYT:

The secretary’s detachment from much of the work of the agency, along with the administration’s deep staff cuts and his attacks on career staff, have driven down morale, they say. It’s a dynamic that could threaten the department’s ability to protect Americans in a crisis, according to public health experts and former secretaries.

Critics say one of the most urgent problems is Mr. Kennedy’s failure to act more swiftly to address a leadership vacuum. There is no surgeon general. Around half of the 27 institutes and centers at N.I.H. are run by acting directors. The acting chief of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases was recently fired, as was the nation’s top drug regulator.

The leader of the Food and Drug Administration quit last month under pressure over tobacco policy. Mr. Kennedy fired the C.D.C. director last August; it is now run on an acting basis by Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, who already has another huge job as director of the National Institutes of Health.

...

Every Tuesday at 10:30 a.m., the chiefs of the department’s 13 operating divisions gather in the secretary’s suite to update leadership on their activities. At the outset of his tenure, Mr. Kennedy was rarely there, either virtually or in person, according to three people familiar with his schedule. Since Mr. Klomp’s elevation, he now shows up once a month. But when he does attend, he often appears disengaged and spends the time scrolling on his phone, according to people in attendance. Several described him as “checked out.”

...

The Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, responsible for pandemic preparedness and for standing up field hospitals and quarantine facilities in Kenya, is currently run on an acting basis by John Knox, a former Los Angeles firefighter who founded the group Firefighters4Freedom during the pandemic to fight vaccine mandates.

Tuesday, June 9, 2026

It's Not Just Measles

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa

Washington Post editorial:

And it’s not just measles. Cases of other vaccine-preventable illnesses such as whooping cough, rotavirus and Hemophilus influenza Type B are all rising as parents decline to give their kids shots. That’s not only dangerous for those children but also those who are too young to get immunizations, as well as immunocompromised people whose bodies are unable to mount a response to surging pathogens.

The decline in vaccination predates this administration, but rhetoric from officials, especially Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., supercharged skepticism toward vital public health tools. That’s prompted enormous backlash, including among Senate Republicans — so much so that the White House reportedly felt compelled to sideline Kennedy on the issue. The administration has also needed to withdraw multiple nominees for health agencies because of previous anti-vaccine comments.

Whether this shift is permanent remains to be seen. Last week, President Donald Trump issued an executive order directing agencies to pare back recommended childhood vaccines, even though similar changes announced in March by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were blocked in federal court.

At the same time, Kennedy is still reportedly pushing to craft new “research” to support his long-debunked claims that vaccines are unsafe.

The ultimate outcome of such efforts would be to make it harder for parents to access these medical innovations to keep kids safe. It would be like lining your house with kindling as wildfires spread nearby. Someone’s bound to get burned.

Monday, June 8, 2026

US on Track to Lose Measles Elimination Status

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa

Nat Lash and Patricia Callahan at ProPublica:

To have any chance of keeping the [measles elimination] designation, the U.S. will need to make a strong case that measles didn’t spread endemically — from person to person in a continuous chain within the country for more than a year. If the Texas virus, for example, made its way across the Southwest to Utah and continued infecting people there, that would be a problem. But if cases in Utah were instead sparked by a patient who caught measles abroad, that would be a new chain, restarting the clock.

For clues, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is analyzing the full genetic code of measles viruses that infected patients. Last November, the CDC’s leader at the time said preliminary genomic analysis suggested the Utah cases were not directly linked to those in Texas. A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Services told ProPublica that the work was done by the state laboratories and the CDC is conducting a more comprehensive investigation.

ProPublica embarked on its own analysis, reviewing over 1,800 whole genome sequences, including those released as recently as last month, to compare the genetic fingerprints of measles viruses circulating in the U.S. and Canada. This showed that the measles virus still spreading in Utah as of this May is very closely related to the one that sickened Texans over a year ago.

ProPublica’s analysis isn’t a smoking gun that proves endemic spread. It’s impossible to tell from this information whether the virus spread from state to state or if it at some point left the country and was brought back by a sick traveler.

But given how similar the viruses are in the sequences ProPublica identified, it’s going to be difficult for the U.S. to prove measles isn’t endemic — “unless CDC has something up their sleeves,” said Dr. Alberto Severini, a retired molecular virologist and measles expert who spent two decades at Canada’s Public Health Agency.

...

During prior U.S. outbreaks, health and political leaders, with unwavering language, urged Americans to vaccinate their children and assured them the shots were safe.

Trump and HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. haven’t followed that playbook. Both have fueled doubts about the safety of the MMR shot, which guards against measles, mumps and rubella.

Researchers around the world have found the vaccine does not cause autism. Nevertheless, at a press conference on autism last fall, Trump said he had heard for years that there was a problem with the combination vaccine and urged parents to insist on separate shots for their kids — even though standalone shots don’t exist in the U.S.

Kennedy has said the vaccine offers protection from measles, but he also has repeatedly made the shot sound scarier than the disease.

Saturday, June 6, 2026

Antivax Papers Under Fire

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

Michelle R. Smith at The Guardian:
Three scientific papers that raised questions about vaccine safety and were used by the Trump administration to justify controversial changes to US vaccine policies have over the last two months been removed, retracted or placed under investigation by the journals that published them.

In some cases, the actions occurred years after scientists first raised alarms about the studies’ scientific merits.

Robert F Kennedy Jr, the US health secretary who has been a leader in the anti-vaccine movement for decades, relied on two of the studies that are now facing scrutiny for a 2023 book he co-wrote that argued unvaccinated children were healthier than children who had been vaccinated. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cited one of the papers when it changed its long-held position that vaccines do not cause autism, cutting against the scientific consensus. And all three papers were cited by a lawyer, Aaron Siri, who called for changes to the childhood immunization schedule before an influential federal vaccine advisory panel. Siri is the managing partner of Siri & Glimstad and has served as a lawyer for a prominent anti-vaccine group.

...

[A paper] by Carolyn M Gallagher and Melody S Goodman, was published in 2010 in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, and found boys vaccinated for hepatitis B in their first four weeks of life were more likely to be diagnosed with autism.

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The CDC cited the hepatitis B paper in November when it changed its stance on a possible link between vaccines and autism at Kennedy’s direction. The reworked page now states at the top that “Studies supporting a link have been ignored by health authorities” and later cites the paper.

HHS did not respond to the Guardian’s questions about whether the CDC would update its page.

Morgan McSweeney, a scientist who posts on social media as Dr.Noc, was moved to make a six-minute video debunking the paper after seeing the CDC’s changes. The authors, relying on a small number of cases, said their findings suggested male newborns vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine had a higher risk of autism diagnosis.

“This was a low-quality, very small study that was not replicated. So yeah, the CDC page now says that some studies supporting a link have been ignored by health authorities,” McSweeney said in the video, which now has more than 5m views between Instagram and TikTok. “And maybe that’s a little bit true, because the studies they’re showing here are worth less than a fart in the summer breeze.”

Friday, June 5, 2026

Measles and Vitamin A Poisoning

  In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

From CDC:

As of June 4, 2026, 2,030 confirmed* measles cases were reported in the United States in 2026. Among these, 2,020 measles cases were reported by 40 jurisdictions: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. A total of 10 measles cases were reported among international visitors to the United States.

There have been 30 new outbreaks** reported in 2026, and 93% of confirmed cases (1,890 of 2,030) are outbreak-associated (558 from outbreaks starting in 2026 and 1,332 from outbreaks that started in 2025).

RFK has advocated vitamin A as an alternative treatment for measles.

Bischops AC, Nagorsen M, Madsen E, Majumder MS. Internet Searches for Vitamin A and Related Media Statements During the 2025 US Measles Outbreak. JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9(6):e2615013. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013.
The US is experiencing its largest measles outbreak since the disease’s elimination in 2000.1 Although vaccination remains the only proven prophylactic, vaccine hesitancy is rising.2 Within this climate of doubt, alternative medicines like vitamin A and cod liver oil have gained attention.3 Vitamin A may be administered under medical supervision to support measles recovery, but it does not prevent measles and can be toxic if dosed incorrectly.3 The same applies to cod liver oil, which contains high levels of vitamin A.4 Between January and March 2025, America’s Poison Centers reported a 38.7% increase in vitamin A exposures.3 This trend may have been influenced by public figures who have increasingly promoted vitamin A to treat measles.4

Thursday, June 4, 2026

RFK Wants to Pry into Our Medical Records

 In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

 Amanda Seitz and Darius Tahir at KFF Health News:

U.S. health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is pursuing federal government access to most Americans’ medical records, in a quest to research a link between vaccines and autism — a connection the medical establishment studied for decades and flatly rejects.

The Department of Health and Human Services is seeking data from little-known state systems that allow hospitals and clinics to exchange detailed, identifiable patient information, KFF Health News has learned.

In private meetings, some public health leaders have objected to giving Kennedy’s team access to such data, raising doubts that it’s legal or that the information would even be useful.

They have also expressed concerns about allowing the federal government to peer into the minutiae of Americans’ medical records, which could mean viewing anything from doctors’ notes to prescription history. HHS has offered no insight into how it will protect or handle the personal health information it obtains.

But Kennedy told KFF Health News that medical records are key to investigating the cause of autism, vaccine safety, and chronic diseases. And millions of dollars in grant money has poured into a Nebraska nonprofit that has assisted Kennedy’s effort, according to state records.

Sunday, May 31, 2026

Externalities: Spreading Measles

In The Politics of Autism, I analyze the myth that vaccines cause autism. This bogus idea can hurt people by allowing diseases to spread   Examples include measles, COVID, flu, and polio.  A top antivaxxer is HHS Secretary RFK Jr. He is part of the "Disinformation Dozen." He helped cause a deadly 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

 Teddy Rosenbluth at NYT:
A measles outbreak in Utah has sickened more than 670 people, including many children whose parents have chosen not to vaccinate them. But new data shows that people who can’t be vaccinated for various health reasons are also falling ill.

Since the outbreak began last summer, measles has infected 23 babies under age 1, the age when children typically receive the first dose of the measles, mumps and rubella shot. Twelve pregnant women have also been infected, including one who passed the virus on to her newborn, according to data from the state health department.

While the state keeps only limited data on the number of immunocompromised residents who have fallen ill, pediatric infectious disease doctors also say they have cared for several immunocompromised children hospitalized with measles infections.

These patients still represent a minority of the unvaccinated people who have been sickened. Still, these findings are concerning because many of the groups who can’t get the vaccine are also at high risk of developing severe complications from the virus. Pregnant women, for example, are 10 times more likely to die from measles than those who are not pregnant. The virus can also cause women to miscarry or go into labor prematurely.

Young children are more likely to suffer severe complications from the virus. And babies who contract measles before their first birthday are at much higher risk of developing a rare condition called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis that can occur years after an initial infection. Dr. Andrew Pavia, a pediatric infectious disease specialist in Utah, described the complication — which can cause seizures, motor issues and eventually death — as “one of the most horrible things I’ve witnessed.”

Measles 2025. Authors: Lien Anh Ha Do, M.D., Ph.D. and Kim Mulholland. Published June 25, 2025. N Engl J Med 2025;393:2447-2458 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra2504516. VOL. 393 NO. 24

When measles outbreaks occur, persons with compromised immunity, such as malnourished children, immunocompromised persons (e.g., persons who have human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] or are receiving cancer treatment), and pregnant persons are particularly vulnerable. Persons with HIV who are not immune to measles are at increased risk for more severe measles infection with pneumonia or encephalitis.

 

In a series of 23 pediatric cancer patients in China who had measles infection, 5 underwent ventilation, 1 had liver failure, and 4 died. These outcomes occurred even though 20 of the 23 patients had been vaccinated (including the 4 who died) and 21 had been treated with intravenous immune globulin.19

 Malnutrition and measles have a historical link, particularly in the context of humanitarian relief efforts. The bidirectional relationship between measles and malnutrition was described decades ago.20 Malnutrition is a primary contributor to death in 45% of fatal measles cases.21 Measles is worse in children who are already malnourished, and postmeasles effects can lead to malnutrition in children who were not malnourished before they were infected with measles.13 Measles can lead to or exacerbate vitamin A deficiency22 or a persistent nutritional deficit.23 Malnourished children have a poor response to measles vaccine and other vaccines.24,25

Although measles virus is not teratogenic, measles in pregnant persons can lead to fetal loss, intrauterine growth retardation, and premature delivery.26 The case fatality rate among pregnant persons with measles can range from 5% in areas where measles is endemic, such as in Asia and in sub-Saharan Africa, to 20 to 30% among fragile populations, such as refugee populations.27